A Feminist Perspective

Ice-Candy-Man: A Feminist Perspective * Summary In Ice-Candy-Man the women characters cannot be easily subjugated. Lenny, her Ayah Shanta, her mother and Godmother are capable of new roles and responsibilities. It is the second novel by a woman writer dealing with the theme of Partition of India. It is likely to be a more neutral on account of the traumatic event of Partition which caused divisiveness, disharmony, mutual suspicion, hardening. Writer depicts the events overtaking the Partition in their naked cruelty and ruthlessness.She choose a theme which is different from the traditional issues—the issues of romantic involvements and the sentimental stuff. In Pakistan the measure of freedom for women is considerably less than it exists in India. In this novel feminine psyche and experiences are presented with a unique freshness. Bapsi Sidhwa uses the structural device and turns the female protagonists into the moral centre, while most of the male characters either remain apa thetic or indulge in destructive violence. In patriarchal social set up masculinity means superiority while femininity means inferiority.Masculinity implies strength, action, self-assertion and domination, femininity implies weakness, passivity, docility, obedience and self-negation. Through narrator Lenny the Bapsi Sidhwa lends weight and validity to the feminine perspective on the nature of surrounding reality. In a feminist text woman performs and controls and promotes the action by her active involvement and concern and in the process it is she who acquires the attributes of heroism and glory. In Ice-Candy-Man, Lenny’s relationship with her cousin upholds the principle of equality Ayah is a flame of sensuousness and female vitality.Lenny's mother and Lenny's aunt play the humanitarian and heroic role of fighting for the lives and property of Hindus. These two women undertake the risky job of saving lives in danger. Godmother’s sense of humor, her deer-like agility, in spite of her old age, and her power to mould, modify and order not only individuals but even the system, when she so desires, earn her respect and admiration of people around her. But besides these qualities she is endowed with profound understanding of human existence and her wisdom is revealed when she consoles the Ayah, in the aftermath of what has been done to her.Godmother concentrates in her character what the feminists feel is very important for a woman to realize her individuality the feeling of self-worth. Khushwant Singh's Train to Pakistan is manifestly a male discourse the focus is on the hero, Juggut Singh though he is portrayed as a devil, the writer's sympathy and admiration are obviously for him his jauntiness, his physical stature and for his moral stature. Ice-Candy-Man becomes a feminist text in the true sense of the term, successfully attempting to bring to the centre-stage the female protagonists who come alive on account of their realistic presentation.As L iterature is a powerful tool with the help of which creative writer modulate and change the society. Sidhwa depict the theme in which he discusses those determined women for whom the traditional role is inadequate, women who wish to affirm their independence and autonomy and are perfectly capable of assuming new roles and responsibilities. Writers always wish to build a world which is free of dominance and hierarchy, a world that rests on the principles of justice and equality and is truly human.

Is literature the expression of the human condition

Is Literature the Expression of the Human Condition Oh yes, is literature the expression of the human condition or is it not? Yes, literature is and for only one reason, Normans Conquest 1066. But also literature is recorders of history, recordings of time. Literature also a sequence of words, it can consist of all meanings, expressing the human condition, emotions, recorders, it defines life. The human condition is experiences of being human in a social, cultural, and personal context, it's an aspect of positives and negatives of being human.So forth, literature is shown in Death of a Salesman, where Willy is stuck in his wn past and everyone but him knows that. But like all humans, we all have dreams, hopes, and plans. â€Å"LINDA: He'll find his way. WILLY: Sure. Certain men Just don't get started till later in life. Like Thomas Edison, I think. Or B. F. them was deaf. [He starts for the money on Biff. † Goodrich. One of bedroom doorway. ] I'll put my Willy hoping that one day for Biff to be a famous salesman, like one of the best salesman out there, at the top with Thomas Edison, or B.F. or Goodrich. But both Linda and Willy knew that Biff would never be a major success in business, but even though they knew it, they still hoped and believed in him. The American dream was to be the number one, at the top better than everyone else and that's what Willy always wanted, he wanted to be the best, especially the best salesman. He was living in the past and ruining all hopes of ever becoming the best. He Just couldn't grasp on the fact that the future was coming sooner then he thought, and wasn't ready for it.CHARLEY: â€Å"Nobody dast blame this man. You don't understand: Willy was a salesman. And for a salesman, there's no rock bottom to the life. He don't put a bolt to a the law or give you medicine. He's a nut, he don't tell you man way out there in the blue riding on a smile and a ack†that's an shoeshine. And when they start not smiling earthqua ke. And then you get yourself a couple spots your hat and your finished. Nobody dast blame this man. A salesman is got to dream boy, it comes with the territory. Charley insisting that Willy a salesman and no matter he always will be, his dream will never die, and even when your salesman and it's not going the best it possibly can or you're not the best in the world there's no rock bottom. Also as you can see in Great Gatsby ,Literature is expressing that humans can be split by wealth The poor do their own thing, nave their own parties and hen the more wealthy class stay with their group and have their own events. But also in this book it prove one man's love for a women and how long and how far people are willing to go to prove their love.Well for Gatsby he Just never gave up on the girl of his dreams, he followed her, set up every moment perfectly, planned everything. â€Å"Whenever you feel like criticizing any one†¦ Just remember that all the people in this world havent ha d the advantages that you've had. â€Å"(l) In life, not everyone has the opportunities as others would get, so it's like that saying â€Å"Don't Judge a book by its cover. † Because if you are criticizing people Just off looks, or what you think they might be or what they might have done, you might never know, and maybe you would be wrong.You never know what some people have been through, until that day you learn how to go up to them and stop Judging and talk to them and find out who they really are. In humans we have the intensity to always Judge someone, will it be looks, wealth, personality, how they talk, or what they do. No matter where you go it's in the human condition that someone or everyone will Judge you, either it will be said to your face or in their mind. It's human nature for Judging, to also debate weather how we will get treated or act. â€Å"Gatsby's wonder when he first picked out the green light at the end of Daisy's dock†¦. is dream must have clos e that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He seemed so did not know that it was already behind him. † (182) Gatsby gets so close to the girl he's in love with, so close but yet so far. Emotions is one of the key part to the human condition, love can play a big role in life, it can take control over your mind, soul, heart, everything, it can be the best feeling in the world or it can be the worst. It can feel like heaven but hurt like hell. But if love didn't hurt or give the pain it gives then there would be no reasons to come back to it.Or to keep falling in and out of love. In The Adventures of Huckflnn, Huck lies throughout the book, but in some cases it's for the best, to either save himself or someone he cares about. But it's like Truth vs. Lies vs. Life and death, for example â€Å"Honest, I'll tell you everything Just as it happened, your majesty. The man that had a-holt of me was very good to kept saying he had a boy about as big as me that he was sorry to see a boy in such a me, and ied last year, and dangerous fix; and when they was all took by surprise by coffin, he lets go sure! finding the gold, and made a rush for the of me and whispers, ‘Heel it now, or theyll hang ye, and I lit out. It didn't seem no good for ME to stay†I couldn't do nothing, and I didn't want to be hung if I could So I never stopped running till I found the canoe; told Jim to hurry, or theyd catch me get away. and when I got here I and hang me yet, and said I was afeard you and the duke so was Jim, Jim if I 55) wasn't alive now, and I was awful sorry, and and was awful glad when we see you coming; you may askHuck is lying to save himself, but also he got lucky that the man that was holding him, his son died that year and was around his age and height, but it reminded n of his son. The man felt sorry for Huck, that he was in such a dangerous fix, so when the man got a chance to let Huck run, he did. The human condition, is like when we get a chance to lie we u sually take it, Just as long as we get what we want, Just put words together and make it into sentences that people want to hear, but it's all bull shit.An nice over being a asshole, out in the world there are mainly assholes, but ho can really blame them since if your too nice you get taken for granted. In Winesburg Ohio, literature is expressed through many of ways, in all of the short stories. In â€Å"Hands† a guy uses his hands to talk but he got kick out of his home town for doing that, for the town people thought he wasn't the same as them, and they didn't like people who where different, they wanted everything the same everyone the same. The coming of industrialization, attended by all the roar and rattle of affairs, the shrill cries of millions have come among us from overseas, trains, the growth of cities, of voices that he going and coming of the building of the interurban car lines that weave in in and out of towns and past farmhouses, and now these later days the coming of the automobiles has worked a tremendous change in lives and in the habits of thought of our people of Mid- America. â€Å"(56) Urbanization and travel have changed America, as the humanity started to change so did movement, traveling, and more to advance into the future.Making life easier, but in Winesburg Ohio, towns were full of one type of people because if you were different they would either run you out of the town or end up killing you, having someone different then veryone else Just wasn't common for them. Going on, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, as a slave suffering was a daily thing, and white folks were stupid for insistence†¦ â€Å"l have often been utterly astonished, since I came to the north, to find persons who could speak of the among slaves, as evidence of their It is impossible to singing, contentment and happiness. conceive of a greater mistake.Slaves sing most when they are most unhappy. The songs of the slave sorrows of his heart; and he is relieved represent the by them, only as an aching heart is relieved by its often tears. At least, such is my experience. I have sung to drown my sorrow, but seldom to express my happiness. Crying for Joy, and singing for Joy, were uncommon to me while in the Jaws of slavery. alike The singing ofa man cast away upon a desolate considered as island might be as appropriately evidence of contentment and happiness, as the singing of a slave; the songs of the one and of the prompted by the same emotion. (2. 9) other are The white folks that seen the slave singing songs, and dancing thought that they were happy, but never really understand that they were hoping for slavery to stop, to be free. Every man and every women should have equal rights no matter what color black, white, yellow, blue.. ect. All humans are equal that how God made us, Just because some are better in other things than others, doesn't make them less human or equal, slavery could work either way. So why put yo urself in a position that you wouldn't want to be in, in the first place.The Things They Carried, as literature is the expression of the human condition, it can be a not so pretty site at time. Life's already like a war, it's like the battlefield of life, but then to add to it, we got the most horrible thing know to mankind â€Å"war. â€Å"When I'm out there at night, I feel close to my own body, I can feel my blood moving, my skin and my everything, it's like I'm full of electricity fingernails, and I'm glowing in the dark– I'm on fire almost–l'm burning away to nothing–but it doesn't matter because I know exactly where I am. (1 1 1) War can change all aspects of a man, it's one of the most burial things in this world and watching with your only two pairs of eyes. We all have our own limits, till we finally break, and watching as your comrades or one of your best friends get shot, either critically injured, or to point they die. Will always change someone, c hange their life forever, war is not something to Joke about as are men fight for our safety and for us, we sit back at home living our life, like nothing going on. I'm skimming across the surface of my own history, moving fast, riding the melt beneath the loops and spins, and when I take a blades, doing high leap into the dark and come down thirty years Timmy's later, I realize it is as Tim trying to save life with a story. â€Å"(246) In this quote it shows what people really would do to save someone life, because one life can make a big differences. But Literature is the expression of the human condition, for life is something worth wild, as words have all different kinds of meaning they all can be inter twined with each other, which can tell stories and which makes history as we know it.

Movie “The Patriot” with Mel Gibson

In this movie, Benjamin Martin, played by Mel Gibson, was a retired British officer and a widower raising seven of his children in his farm.   He held his principles steadfastly, which focused almost on his family and his interest in making rocking chairs which he never perfected.   Thus, he did not want to join the war against the British.   On the other hand, Gabriel, the eldest, was full of idealism and joined the American forces fighting the British in the Revolutionary War. Benjamin, who knew from first‑hand experience the horrifying carnage that war would present, discouraged his son from participating but Gabriel was determined to fight.   Times passed, many towns fell to the British including their hometown.Gabriel returned home after two years, stumbling wounded into the family home. That night, a battle between the British and patriots happened. They helped the wounded from both sides. The Green Dragoons arrived and killed all the wounded Colonial soldiers. T he leader, Col. William Tavington, shot his son, Thomas, who was trying to free his brother Gabriel which was being captured.This brought an enraged Benjamin to free his son Gabriel, with the help of his two younger sons.   He left the rest of the children in the care of their aunt Charlotte, the sister of his deceased wife.   The three of them killed the British troops holding Gabriel by ambushing them.   While their brother was freed, his sons saw their father brutally killing men.   He was called The Ghost by the British army because of his techniques and skills in ambushing.   However, the Green Dragoons were still determined to go after   Benjamin’s loved-ones that it led them to burn the house of his sister-in law, but eventually they escaped with the help of Benjamin.He was then driven to lead the Colonial Militia, planning for strategies and getting involved in the actual fight to win over the seemingly formidable British Army.   One of these strategies was to capture a supply line of General Cornwallis, ransacking all the food and comforts, including two Great Dane dogs of the general. He even tamed the dogs by taking care of them, making these dogs shift loyalties. This made Cornwallis angry. Cornwallis made a plan to trap the men of The Ghost and eventually succeeded. The British captured 18 of his men.Benjamin then concocted a plan of deceiving General Cornwallis, making him believe that he also captured 18 officers, including a colonel who called him a cheeky fellow. He freed his men successfully with this strategy.   In war, deception is one of the strategies to win over the enemies and this was shown in this part of the movie.While at war under his father’s command, Gabriel married a lady from a town.   However, someone led the Green Dragoons to the town where Gabriel’s wife lived and they eventually killed all the townsmen by burning them inside a church.This brought Gabriel to avenge the death of his wife , but he was also killed in the process and his father was greatly saddened of this and swore to kill the leader of the Green Dragoons.When an all-out battle commenced against the Redcoats, the strategy was to put the Colonial Militia under the command of Benjamin in front to show the high morale of   the army to the enemy, but actually the main army of Colonial Militia was in the rear.So, when the Colonial Militia was called to retreat, the Redcoats were surprised by the main army of the Colonials and thus were defeated.   Eventually, Benjamin was given the opportunity to kill his nemesis, Tavington, who killed his two sons, hurting himself in the process.   In the end, Cornwallis and the British army were pushed to their last base.   Cornwallis was forced to surrender because the French army arrived, putting him into the shame of defeat.Benjamin never perfected the art of making rocking chairs but this showed his dogged determination to finish a task no matter how many tim es he failed.   That same intensity of avenging the death of his loved-ones was shown in the battlefield, making him a hero, a real patriot.Producers, Dean Devlin, Mark Gordon and Gary Levinsohn;   Director, Roland Emmerich.   Ã‚  The Patriot. Released in 2000 by Columbia Pictures,   164 mins., Technicolor 35mm widescreen 1.85:1, digital 5.1 sound, DVD released Oct. 24, 2000.Google, James Hitchcock from Tunbridge Wells, EnglandGoogle, Meghan aka KRAMMIT THE FROG

Governmet's Indian Policy in 1930s Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Governmet's Indian Policy in 1930s - Essay Example The romantic in Winston Churchill had an unbreakable emotional attachment with India as a part of the British Empire. This is very evident in what Louis Mountbatten had to say of Winston Churchill to Archibald Wavell who was then the Viceroy of India: "And he also disputed the idea of any advance (of autonomy) in India because he has got a very emotional feeling about India; he was there as a young subaltern the Fourth Hussars in 1897 or something of the sort. To him India is Kipling, it is polo, it is soldiering, it is glamour, it is everything. He doesn't want to see that go away and he thinks, in some ways quite rightly, that India is happier under British Rule." The intrinsic factor combined with extrinsic factors such as economic and political influences, requirements and his motives of the times. Thus, in his stand against granting more autonomy to India, we find different shades and hues of the character and personality of Sir Winston Churchill. The 1930s were the 'Wilderness Years' for Winston Churchill. He was out of the Government, and naturally desperate to get back. During the period he had raised a string of issues, or rather, he had raised the alarm over several incidents or happenings that he perceived and propagated as threats but were disproved as false alarms by his detractors. These included what he considered as the threat from Bolshevik Russia; the destabilizing force of the General Strike of 1926, the crippling effect that the loss of India could have both on the empire and India itself; and the abdication crisis of 1936. The consequence was that Churchill began to be considered more of an alarmist, that he lacked knowledge or insight of the practical situation on the ground, that he was a rabble-rouser, more so in the case of his tirades against granting more autonomy to India as envisaged in the 1935 India Act. Judith M Brown echoes the same opinion: British officials who had experienced the 1919 constitutional experiment, the Simon Commission debacle and civil disobedience knew they had to conciliate a widening range of Indian political opinion and to harness it to the process of government. Even Wellington's administration which refused to 'deal' or 'treat' with Gandhi in 1932-3 realized that Ordinance rule and smashing the congress organization was only a temporary solution. At the turn of 1931-2 Wellington had unsuccessfully tried to extract from London greater freedom in appointing his Executive Council, partly to enable him to admit more Indians as a counterpoise to the draconian policies adopted to crush civil disobedience. He argued that he could not use the big stick unless he could demonstrate real movement towards more Indian political responsibility Given such messages from the men on the spot, only the die-hard wing of the Tory Party led by Churchill and Salisbury, backed by the Rathermore Press opposed a reform package. For reasons of ideology and party strategy, they belaboured the National Government's attempts to produce a reform package. (Brown pp.275 - 276) She goes on to add: Churchill was bitterly hostile to Indian aspirations and given to tirades in Cabinet about the maintenance

Annotated bibliography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Annotated bibliography - Assignment Example In the United States, a juvenile delinquent (offender), for example, is described as one below age 17 who commits a crime that would otherwise be punishable if they were adults. The factors that contribute to juvenile crime (more so underage drinking and illegal purchase of drugs) are extensively mentioned in this book. These factors are broken down into six different categories. Some of the physical factors for juvenile delinquency cited include lack of sleep, sensory defects, endocrine disorders, drug addiction, nervous diseases, weather effects, physical exuberance, deformities, speech defects, malnutrition, and so on, whereas, mental factors discussed include, among others, psychoses, psychoneuroses, suggestibility, contra-suggestibility, sex habits/ experiences, lethargy/ laziness, mental conflicts, mental defects, and superior intelligence. Under home condition factors, there are unsanitary conditions, broken homes, illegitimacy stigma, bad examples, immoral parents, ill treatment at homes, poverty, unemployment, excess in material possessions and material deficiencies. Also, some of the school conditions talked up include poor grades, peer influence, inadequate recreation facilities, poor teaching and bad attitudes towards teachers, while neighborhood conditions cited include loneliness, stimulating entertainment platforms, influence of gangs, and peer influence. Occupational conditions such as truancy, monotony, idleness, occupational misfits, apprenticeship system declines, influence, and irregular occupations (Bradshaw, 2003) are also noted by the author. Jefferson discusses some of the crime theories applicable to juvenile delinquency. Some of the theories emphasized include rational choice theory, social disorganization, strain theory, differential association theory, labeling theory and social control theory. These are discussed in view of achieving better understanding of the causes of juvenile delinquency. As per the labeling theory, for

Mass extinction Events - the 6th one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mass extinction Events - the 6th one - Essay Example appened in the planet’s history, mass extinction is an occasion that mankind cannot penetrate, delay or stop especially if they are the primary ones responsible for the planet’s destruction. One is as responsible as the other towards the maintenance of the planet that mankind is living in. There is no reason for finger pointing at this point as to why things are being experienced worldwide (Hallam & Wignall, 1-5). Mass extinctions already happened more than once in the existence of planet Earth. The first mass extinction was said to have happened approximately 500 million years ago and it was the temperature in the planet’s surface that have changed drastically. This event incurred the massive extinctions of species, plants and animals alike. This brought about changes, mostly physical, to those who survive the extinctions. Others would point out these changes as evolution in the species. They needed to evolve and be able to adapt to the surroundings enabling them to survive. Approximately 250 million years ago, another mass extinction occurred and devastated the planet. It was said that during this second mass extinction, it took a while before the surviving species was able to recover. While others failed to adapt therefore becoming extinct (Frankel, 5-10). During the third mass extinction, it was the aquatic species that was confounded. It was after the fourth mass extinction that r eptiles and dinosaurs were said to have evolved. Then around 65 million years ago, the fifth mass extinction occurred. This is the extinction that the generation of today is more aware (Wicander & Monroe, 242; Hoffman, 176). There are scholars who do believe that mankind and the planet is in the middle of the sixth mass extinction as the planet’s composition has been disturbed massively especially in recent centuries or even decades. As mankind is perceived to become more intelligent, the more it aided the events that may cause the mass extinction and even end the human

How far can conceptual tools such as carrying capacity, limits of Assignment

How far can conceptual tools such as carrying capacity, limits of acceptable change and environmental impact assessment actually - Assignment Example The WTO, World Tourism Organization, defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited"(emoiz.com). Thus, mankind’s fascination with experiencing the unknown, coupled with improvements in technology and rising standards of living around the world have ensured that tourism has percolated into every strata of society, and resulted in rapid growth of that industry. However, tourism to view and admire natural environment and natural wonders (apart from the man-made ones) has started having major negative impacts on the natural environments, even leading to sizable destructions. These destructions not only damages those natural wonders, but also wide range of flora and fauna, whose habitats get destroyed in the process. Thus, with the positi ve activity of tourism turning into a nightmarish activity, there have been calls for sustainable form of tourism. As stated by Hens and Ni (cited in Nath, 1999) no form of tourism exists that does not cause environmental stress, and so the challenge is to find a ways towards sustainable tourism development that harmonises economic benefits importantly with the protection of natural diversity. Implementing sustainability in tourism involves a series of steps that has to be taken by various stakeholders. To actualize that, few conceptual tools can be used particularly â€Å"Carrying Capacity†, limits of acceptable change and environmental impact assessment. Each of these tools can protect the environment and its habitants, even while allowing human exploration of the environment in the form of tourism. So, this paper will discuss how these conceptual tools can be optimally utilized to create sustainable forms of tourism. â€Å"Carrying Capacity† and how it can help to c reate sustainable form of tourism The term or concept â€Å"â€Å"Carrying Capacity†Ã¢â‚¬  can be used in various contexts, however it basically â€Å"refers to the number of individuals who can be supported in a given area within natural resource limits, and without degrading the natural social, cultural and economic environment for present and future generations.† (gdrc.org). Every environment including a tourist environment or spot can have a limit on how many people and how much of their activities, it can support and sustain. If that limit is breached and more people enter that particular area, it could lead to instability and could cause repercussions to the already existing people. Although, the â€Å"Carrying Capacity† for any specified area is not a fixed one, and it can be altered through various means including technology, it is not a positive step. Because any alteration or modification of the â€Å"Carrying Capacity† will always result in p roblems to both the existing people as well as the entering people. Any restriction in the resources, when the â€Å"Carrying Capacity† increases beyond limit will lead to dearth of land, shortage of food, or decline in water quality and availability, which will quickly put the brakes on both types of growth. (Chant 2011). Thus, the tourist department and the authorities can come up with a tentative â€Å"Carrying Capacit

Reflective writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective writing - Essay Example However, the transparent scarf does not entirely cover the other one beneath it. The fact that she is able to wear her own shoes without modification seems illogical. The student feels disgruntled, since hospital rules only allow these items and the â€Å"theatre suits† to be worn within the hospital. The fact that surgeons and other members of the medical staff often come in and out of the hospital without changing their clothes - and without being challenged – is, in her opinion, discriminatory and carries a risk of infection. In order to understand her feelings and to see if they are justified, it is necessary to reflect on the contributory factors. They fall into three categories [1] religious [2] surgical [3] integration. RELIGIOUS BELIEFS In the first place the Quran does not require a muslim woman to wear the hijab [headscarf] (Syed, 2001), the idea of compulsion generally derives from family or social pressures. Yet, even in muslim countries some 30-40 years ago women frequently went out unveiled as they did in the UK to show their emancipation (Johnson, 2007). Five years ago, however, almost every muslim woman wore a headscarf; this time to display allegiances – pride in their heritage and ethnicity.

Real GDP Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Real GDP - Coursework Example The overall macroeconomic picture of United Kingdom looks quite bright as the country remained successful in increasing the real GDP growth until 2008 recession which hit the country hard and after almost two decades, the country experienced negative growth in terms of real GDP. Before this recent negative growth rate in GDP, the country in question experienced negative growth in real GDP in 1991 once again due to economic recessionary period. The above chart shows the performance of real GDP of United Kingdom. As it can be seen quite clearly that the country managed a sustainable increase in the real GDP especially experience high growth in the period of 1980-90, but the real GDP showed disappointing results just after 90’s. After the 1993, the country again started to climb highly in terms of real GDP till 2008 recession. Since 2008 recession, the country’s real GDP growth is the slowest in the past 40 years.  Ã‚  Real GDP per capita of United Kingdom has also remai ned increasingly stable even though the population of United Kingdom has also increased. But the country has managed to cover the effect of population increase as well as increased the real GDP alone. In a nutshell, the real GDP per capita of United Kingdom increased in almost in the same manner as that of total real GDP even though the real GDP per capita also incorporated the increasing impact of population. The above chart represents the overall performance of real GDP per capita of United Kingdom. It can be noticed that there are slight downfalls in the curve but the overall curve possesses an increasing trend until the 2008 recessionary period. Since then, the real GDP per capita is on a declining trend mainly due to decrease in the total real GDP supported by the increase in the population. The percentage growth rates for real GDP and real GDP per capita have also been calculated. It can also be observed that growth rate of real GDP has experienced an increasing trend in the p eriod of 1970 – 2009 with the exceptions of initial few year of 70’s, 1991 and lastly 2008. In those mentioned years the macroeconomic growth of United Kingdom remained negative due to the economic depression all around the world. Similar patterns can also be observed with real GDP per capita of United Kingdom in the period in question. Real GDP per capita seems to track its origin i.e. real GDP and followed it almost every year. It can be summarized the United Kingdom has been well above the positive real GDP in the past 40 years which is a good indicator of its overall macroeconomic progress.

Circuit analysis lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Circuit analysis - Lab Report Example According to ( Sharma)â€Å"Potentiometer also known as pot is generally used in circuits to provide variable resistance or variable voltage†. Here, the transmission of power is possible with DC voltage hence DC ground components are loaded in the software to aid the experiment. The main objective of the study is to understand the relationship between circuit configuration and other components in determining the output of current to the circuit. In the experiment, the main two components are the potentiometer and the LED. For this study, the integral platform is the Multisim software which aids in circuit simulation and designing which in turn gives chance to the researcher to create analyze and optimize circuit board. Here the main objective is to utilize the ideal software like multisim because it helps the experimenter in circuit designing and voltage valuation. The experiment is conducted with the help of Multisim software where circuits in different configuration like parallel, combination and two components are set up. In the first step, the circuit measurements are taken and are fed in to the software. Next through the multisim software, the circuit is constructed. For this purpose, the design layout is used and for the experiment with components the resistor tool section in the software is used. Then the component label is set as R1 and R2 and value is set as 2.2 Kâ„ ¦ and 5.1kâ„ ¦ respectively. Next, the R2 component is arranged vertically by rotating it 90 degree. Then the DC voltage and DC ground components are added in the software with this the component insertion occurs and the sample circuit is showcased in the software space. Further in the experiment the wires are added with voltage value which is 2.1â„ ¦. Then the multimeter is placed above each resistor to gauge the â€Å"voltage drop† and these are called â€Å"XMM1† and â€Å"XMM2† respectively. Later the

Employment Contract Essay Example for Free

Employment Contract Essay Employment Contract This Employment Agreement is made effective as of June 26th, 2013 and is between Joshua James, Frederick Alan, and Dave Darwin of the Builders Licensing and Training Institute in Grand Rapids, Michigan (referred to as â€Å"the company†) and John Andrews (referred to as â€Å"the employee†). The terms of this AT-WILL Employment Contract are set forth below. Employment. The Company shall employ John Andrews as a building instructor. This employee shall provide to the Company the following services: John Andrews accepts and agrees to such employment, and agrees to be subject to the general supervision, advice, and direction of the owners of the Company. The employee should perform duties that are customarily performed by an employee in this position. The Company shall employ John Andrews at least forty hours a week including holidays. Also, the employee may be required to work weekends and some mandatory overtime every pay period. Best Efforts of Employment. The employee John Andrews agrees to perform to the best of his ability, experience, and talents to perform the duties that may be set forth or expressed by the Company including the implicit terms of this agreement. Ownership of Social Media. Any social media that is used by the employee while under Company time is property of the Company. This includes but is not limited to contacts acquired through the Company examples like addresses, blogs, Twitter, Facebook, Youtube, Linked In, and other social media. Compensation of Employee. As compensation for the services provided by John Andrews under this agreement, the Company will pay John Andrews an annual salary of $50,000 in accordance with the Company’s usual payroll procedures, not including overtime pay which will be based upon the usual hourly rate for such employment. Upon termination of this agreement, payment shall cease, however, John Andrews shall be compensated for periods or partial periods  that occurred prior to the date of termination. Confidentiality After Termination of Employment. The confidentiality of this agreement and information of the company are special and unique assets and need to be protected from improper disclosure. In consideration of this, John Andrews agrees that for a period of two years following termination or removal from the company whether voluntary or involuntary will not directly or indirectly engage in any business competition with the Builders Licensing and Training Insitute. Employee Name ______________________________ Date _________________ Employee Signature _______________________________ Date _________________

The Causes and Effects of Asthma Sufferers Essay Example for Free

The Causes and Effects of Asthma Sufferers Essay The Problem With 5.2 million diagnosed asthmatics in the UK, Asthma is a common disease which affects both adults and children. Of these 5.2 million asthmatics, 1.1 million are children. Asthma is a condition that has been around for many years and has caused around 1400 deaths per year, of which 90% are preventable. [1] The numbers of asthma cases have been high due to environmental changes, familial history and lifestyle choices such as smoking during pregnancy to name but a few. It is a chronic condition that affects the airways, causing breathing difficulties. The condition has different levels, long-lasting or recurrent. Mild forms of asthma can affect people, as can very severe cases of asthma. Sufferers of asthma have a lower supply of air to and from the lungs. As this serious condition affects so many people, can it actually be cured? What is Asthma? Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the airways of sufferers. The inside walls of the airways are inflamed or swollen. This inflammation makes your airways very sensitive to any form of irritations and causes an allergic reaction to occur. As the airways become inflamed, they become narrower, restricting the flow of air to and from the lungs. This air restriction causes symptoms such as wheezing, chest tightness, coughing and also breathing difficulties. These symptoms are more likely to be experienced at night or in the early morning hours. [2] Many causes and triggers of asthma have been identified. Dust, paint and pet hairs are just a few of the identified examples. [1] Below is a diagram of a normal and an asthmatic bronchiole: [pic] Words: 299 The Solution A solution for treating asthma would be the use of inhalers. This is the most common treatment for asthma, and is much more effective than tablets or liquid by mouth. There are two main types of inhalers, reliever inhalers and  preventer inhalers. Inhalers contain drugs that are delivered directly to the lungs. [3] Relievers (Blue), e.g. Salbutamol, contain bronchodilator drugs which widen the bronchi so that more air can pass through, making breathing easier. This is a fast treatment to relieve symptoms and is only usually used when needed. Preventers (Brown), e.g. Pulmicort, contain steroids that reduce the inflammation in the airways. When the inflammation has gone, it is much less likely for the airways to narrow and cause symptoms. This is not an immediate reliever of pain as it takes 7-14 days for the drug to build up its effect. This reduces the need to use a reliever inhaler, as symptoms more or less disappear. [4] Is the solution appropriate? The use of inhalers is appropriate as the steroids they contain to treat asthma are corticosteroids. These are imitations of the natural steroid that is produced in our bodies. [1] Also as these steroids are inhaled, a tiny amount is absorbed into the body, as they go directly into the lungs. Also the dose supplied through the inhaler is a very mild dosage, so therefore will not have any major side effect on the body. The drug also acts faster as it travels directly into the lung. Hence, inhalers are considered as the best treatment for asthma because of the effectiveness of the doses taken. Implications of solution to problem A sufferer’s social life can become damaged due to having asthma, therefore it has social implications. This is due to asthmatic patients needing to carry their inhalers around to treat an attack if it occurs. This is not an average thing to do within the realm of a critical society so it is deemed as a social issue of asthma. Undoubtedly, sufferers feel outcast as they are perceived differently to others and cannot socialise in the way that others can. This is because the younger generation of today, usually socialises through smoking or physically demanding activities, football. These are both difficult to perform or even more harmful to an asthmatic than a normal,  healthy person. Medical research should soon create a treatment for asthma which can be carried around easily and is smaller in size. However, the smaller size would mean fewer doses in one inhaler and also in the duration of an asthma attack, a small inhaler would be harder to find on a person, unlike a larger inhaler. Also economical issues are linked with this disease as the medical treatments cost a lot of money to produce and then supply to patients. Manufacturing the current inhalers cost a very large amount of money, to change this and produce smaller inhalers would cause costs to rise further. Machinery would have to change and so would the workers routines, so that an efficient technique of producing the smaller, attractive and trendy inhalers is achieved. Benefits and risks of the solution Inhalers are not completely safe to use as side effects do occur due to the drug contained in the inhaler. A very common drug that inhalers contain is steroids for which side effects occur. The steroids contained are not anabolic steroids that enhance athletic performance. Most side effects to asthmatic steroids are in the upper airway and the throat. The steroids weaken the voice slightly as the muscle controlling the movement of the larynx also weakens. However the problem can be overcome by using spacer devices and rinsing the mouth out after using the inhaler. Steroids have also been suggested to retard children in their growth, although it is known that poorly treated asthma causes failure to grow properly. Normal doses of steroids for asthma do not cause growth failure, whereas high doses may affect growth. [5] Steroids are not only bad as they help with breathing difficulties by relaxing the muscle to allow an increase in the amount of air flow to the lungs and the body. This helps the sufferer of asthma to breathe more comfortably as air travels round the body more freely. Another benefit of using inhalers is that only small doses are prescribed to patients who are diagnosed with asthma. This ensures the safety of the patient as they are not subjected to large doses which may have adverse effects on the body and their health too. Alternative Solutions There are many alternative solutions for treating asthma. Examples of the alternative solutions are oral therapy and also changing lifestyles so that trigger factors are minimised. Oral therapy is a treatment for asthma as it is the same treatment as an Words: 1110  inhaler but is in a different form. It is a tablet that contains steroids that reduce the inflammation of the airways and also reduce the risk of an allergic reaction. Relievers and preventers do the same job as this, but take a powder form that is inhaled into the lungs. However, oral therapy is not very safe as each tablet contains a higher dosage of steroids. Therefore it makes a patient more susceptible to the side effects of steroids. A tablet gives 50 times the dosage of steroids than an inhalation from a standard steroid inhaler. More serious side effects are linked with steroid tablets such as, diabetes, cataracts, increased hunger etc. [1] Changing lifestyles would not treat the disease as no medication is involved to suppress the symptoms. This simply helps calm down and also remove symptoms that may trigger an attack. If triggers of asthma are reserved from a sufferer or even minimised when in close proximity to a sufferer, the chances of an asthma attack occurring is less likely. [6] Therefore a healthier lifestyle for an asthma sufferer leads to a less perilous lifestyle too. By inhaling cleaner air, the lungs are delivered a greater volume of air, which carries more oxygen. Thus making breathing easier as there is an excess of oxygen in the bloodstream, not causing the rapid heartbeat that is needed to pump blood around the body. Validity of Sources Information obtained from ‘http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/asthma.htm’ [2], is a GP and has the title of Doctor. Therefore this would become a reliable source of information as it has been written by someone who has a degree in treating and curing illnesses. Also as he is Dr. Roger Henderson, it shows that he has studied for a long period of time to understand the subject. This  understanding was supported by ‘http://www.asthma.org.uk/all_about_asthma/medicines_treatments/’ [3], which is the society for asthma in the UK. This can be trusted fully as it delivers information on a disease which it is a specialist in. Therefore the sources can be deemed as reliable as they all confirm each others information. Bibliography 1. Numark Pharmacy Medicines Use Review, Page 4 2. Henderson, R, (10/06/2009), (21/02/2010) http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/asthma.htm 3. Asthma UK, (04/01/2008), (23/02/2010) http://www.asthma.org.uk/all_about_asthma/medicines_treatments/ 4. No Authors listed, (17/09/2008), (23/02/2010) http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Inhalers-for-Asthma.htm 5. Chung, K F, (2003), Treating Asthma (2) – Drug Therapy, Dr. Dan Rutherford, Asthma, 59-65, Great Britain, Hodder Stoughton 6. Rollins, G, (published date not listed), (13/03/2010) http://articles.directorym.com/Treatments_For_Asthma-a977839.html KEY: Website, Book, Article Words: 1518 A pie chart that shows the inhaler success rate on asthmatic patients. This shows the inflamed/swollen bronchiole of an asthmatic person. This shows the normal bronchiole of a person who does not suffer from asthma. http://www.thechiroteam.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/graph1.gif http://www.mims.com/pic/Malaysia/4504.gif http://salbutamolinhaler.com/images/salbutamol-inhaler.jpg http://www.aaenvironment.com/Pictures/asthma.jpg

Definitions and Overviews of Intellectual Disabilities

Definitions and Overviews of Intellectual Disabilities Outcome 1: Define Intellectual Disability TASK 1 1.1 Give 2 definitions of intellectual disability in accordance with a recognized source. Follow prescribed APA format when citing sources. Definition 1: Intellectual disability causes limitations in intellectual functioning as well as in adaptive behaviors that include many skills which is needed every day. The onset age is under 18. Source: FAQ on Intellectual Disability, American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, retrieved from: http://aaidd.org/intellectual-disability/definition/faqs-on-intellectual-disability Definition 2: Intellectual disability is a term used for when people has certain limitations in functioning mentally and in skills such as communicating, performing activities of daily living, and in his or her social behavior. Children with this ability may develop their skills (walking, talking, etc) at a delayed time as compared to normal. They may also have trouble with learning- it usually takes them a longer time to learn new skills. Source: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities.(2005) Intellectual disability, retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/pdf/parents_pdfs/IntellectualDisability.pdf 1.2 Using a definition of intellectual disability give 2 explanations of how this impacts on the persons adaptive skills: People with intellectual disability experience impairment in their ability to comprehend information. As a result, they have a hard time with reading comprehension, handling money, dealing with numbers and time. Due to their impaired social functioning, they also find it hard to socially deal with others. They don’t recognize the laws of society and they have a limited ability to follow rules. Using a definition of intellectual disability give 2 explanations of how this impacts on the cognitive abilities: Reasoning People with an intellectual disability cannot reason like normal people. They lack the ability to explain why they do certain things or why certain things happen. This is due to their impaired intelligence. Learn and apply what is learnt- Intellectually disabled people have a hard time to gain new knowledge. It is difficult for them to process new information and understand new skills. Outcome 2: Describe the causes of intellectual disability TASK 2 2.1 Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur before birth and describe two (2) main characteristics of the effects. Example 1: Fragile X syndrome Source: National Fragile X Foundation. (1998-2014). Fragile X Syndrome, retrieved from: http://www.fragilex.org/fragile-x-associated-disorders/fragile-x-syndrome/ Main characteristics: Physical features of FXS patients include: large ears, long face, macroorchidism, infections in the ears, flat feet, high arched palate, fingers with double joints and hyper-flexible joints Behavioral characteristics for FXS patients may include the following: Attention Deficit Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism and Autistic behaviors, social anxiety, hand-biting and or flapping, poor eye contact, sensory disorders and high risks for aggression. Example 2: Prader-Willi Syndrome Source: Suzanne B. Cassidy, MD. (2012). Parder-Willi Syndrome, Genetics in medicine, 14, p10 Main characteristics: People who have Prader-Willi Syndrome have severe hypotonia. Therefore their sucking is poor in their early infancy. They are characterized by excessive eating and not able to control eating. 2.2 Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur during or immediately following birth and describe 2 main characteristics of the effects. Example 1: Trauma Source: Merck Sharp and Dohme Corp. (2010-2013). The Merck Manual, Home Health Handbook, retrieved from: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/childrens_health_issues/problems_in_newborns/birth_injury.html Main Characteristics: Head and brain injury. Swelling of the scalp and bruising may occur due to birth trauma. Bleeding between the periosteum and skull causes a haematoma, usually in the parietal region and sometimes the occipital region. Nerve Injury. Sometimes, when forceps used to assist delivery puts much pressure on the facial nerve, weakness on one side of the face results. This injury becomes evident when the newborn baby cries and the face appears to be asymmetric. Example2: Cerebral Palsy Source: Karen W. Krigger, M.D., M.ED., University of Louisville school of Medicine, Cerebral Palsy: An Overview, Kentucky Am Fam Physician. 2006 Jan 1; 73(1): 91-100, retrieved from: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0101/p91.html Main Characteristics: Cerebral palsy is characterized by motor function impairment. It causes activity limitation. People with cerebral palsy exhibit cognitive and sensory impairments. 2.3 Give 2 examples of causes of intellectual disability that occur during childhood years and describe the impact on the day-to-day support needs of the person. Example 1: Brain Tumor Source: PMC: US National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. January 2008. â€Å"Caring for the Brain Tumor Patient: Family caregiver burden and unmet needs.†, retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2600839/ Impact: Patients with brain tumor need various supports in their day to day lives. Psychosocial support is one of them. It is important for them to learn how to handle the stress of a chronic illness, as family members realize that their lives will be forever changed by the uncertainty that surrounds this diagnosis. It is therefore important for the support provider to make sure the patient and family understands the impact of this illness to them and provide them of ways on how to cope and possibly live a close to normal life. Also, for the caregivers, it is important that they are always prepared for the possibility of disease progression. Even though a patient is stable for a certain period of time, the caregiver will always feel the wear and tear of caring for this patient. Thus, it is important to make sure that caregivers are also taken cared of to ensure quality care. Example 2: Meningitis Source: Kelli de la Rocha (2014). Intellectual disability. NYU Langone medical center. retrieved from: http://pediatrics.med.nyu.edu/conditions-we-treat/conditions/intellectual-disability# Impact: Children with intellectual disability caused by meningitis can’t learn skills and any knowledge as fast as other children with same age. So supporters need to wait for their achievement with patient. And also they need to be aware of the risk that the children experience seizure, and then they should be trained for coping with them suffering seizure. Outcome 3: Describe conditions frequently associated with intellectual disability. TASK 3 Condition 1: Cerebral Palsy Causes/s: Cerebral Palsy can be caused by having injury of brain before brain development is completed. Usually brain develops within 2 years after birth, so Cerebral Palsy can be occurred during prenatal or infant period. And birth complication can also cause this condition. But many cases get this condition from unknown causes before birth. Main characteristic 1: Cerebral Palsy is characterized by motor function impairment. It causes activity limitation. Main characteristic 2: People with Cerebral Palsy exhibit cognitive and sensory impairments. Physical support: People with Cerebral Palsy suffer from hypotonic and rigidity. So physical therapy is useful to support them physically. Effective physical therapy can help them to improve their muscle. Recent studies report that intensive exercise is effective. So support worker can make a schedule for resistive exercise four times per week. Social support: People with Cerebral Palsy can be easily isolated because of their handicaps. So support workers need to reduce barriers to participation in activities of school, work and society. To participate in activities, many devices are necessary. If the client can’t walk, using wheelchair could be helpful to go watching football games and cheer a team. Cognitive support: People with Cerebral Palsy can be normal intellectually, but they have difficulty in learning because of limitation of hearing, seeing, and movement. So for supporting them cognitively, support worker needs to help their study by give them enough time to understand and express or adjust knowledge. And support worker can provide some aids to improve their speech. Source/s: Karen W. Krigger, M.D., M.ED., University of Louisville school of Medicine, Cerebral Palsy: An Overview, Kentucky Am Fam Physician. 2006 Jan 1; 73(1): 91-100, retrieved from http://www.aafp.org/afp/2006/0101/p91.html Condition 2: Prader-Willi Syndrome Causes/s: Prader-Willi Syndrome is caused by genetic abnormality. They have the chromosome number 15 without genetic information that normally people have from the father. It is thought to occur entirely by chance. Main characteristic 1: People with Prader-Willi Syndrome have severe hypotonia. So their sucking is poor in their early infancy. Main characteristic 2: Obesity is commonly caused. This is a result of an excessive appetite, a permanent feeling of hunger, and hyperphagia or overeating, and a low calorific requirement which is due to low energy expenditure levels. Physical support: People with Prader-Willi Syndrome can’t control their eating because they always feel hunger. Furthermore, they can easily become obesity that causes many complications. To prevent them from being obesity, support workers need to give exercise outside where they can’t find food easily. They need regular and continual exercise, so it is important to make a schedule with various and interesting exercise to them. Social support: They should strict supervision of daily food intake. Once overeating starts between ages 2 and 4 years, supervision will help to minimize food hoarding and stealing and prevent rapid weight gain and severe obesity. Parents should lock refrigerators and all cabinets containing food. No medications have proven beneficial in reducing food-seeking behavior. A well-balanced, low-calorie diet and regular exercise are essential and must be maintained for the rest of the individuals life. People with PWS rarely need more than 1,000 to 1,200 calories per day. Cognitive support: People with PWS have difficulty controlling their emotions. Using behavioral therapy can help. Stubbornness, anger, and obsessive-compulsive behavior, including obsession with food, should be handled with behavioral management programs using firm limit-setting strategies. Structure and routines also are advised Source: Andres Martin, M.D, 1998, Prader-Willi Syndrome, Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155:1265-1273, retrieved from http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleID=173004 Condition 3: Autism Cause/s: The condition is the result of a neurological disorder that has an effect on normal brain function, affecting development of the persons communication and social interaction skills. Main Characteristic 1: Seizure disorders, including epilepsy, occur in as many as 39 percent of those with autism. It is more common in people with autism who also have intellectual disability than those without. Someone with autism may experience more than one type of seizure. Main Characteristic 2: Almost People with autism have unusual responses to sensory input. They have difficulty processing and integrating sensory information, or stimuli, such as sights, sounds smells, tastes and/or movement. They may experience seemingly ordinary stimuli as painful, unpleasant or confusing. Physical Support: Physical Therapy (PT) is focused on any problems with movement that cause functional limitations. Children with autism frequently have challenges with motor skills such as sitting, walking, running or jumping. PT can address poor muscle tone, balance and coordination. Social Support: Individuals with autism have a great deal of difficulty with social interactions. In recent years, social skills training, in both one-on-one and peer group settings, has become a very common treatment for facing this particular challenge. Social skills taught during training sessions range from simple skills like eye contact, to more difficult skills like inviting a peer for a play date. Studies have shown that this type of intervention program can significantly improve social competence and social skill development. Cognitive Support: Sensory Integration (SI) therapy is designed to identify disruptions in the way the individual’s brain processes movement, touch, smell, sight and sound, and help he or she process these senses in a more productive way. It is believed that SI does not teach higher-level skills, but rather enhances sensory processing abilities, allowing the child to be more available to acquire higher-level skills. Source: Autism Speaks Inc. 2014. â€Å"Autism Speaks†. Retrieved from: http://www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism

Fresh Water Turtles :: science

Fresh Water Turtles Fresh Water turtles are small, yet amazing creatures to have and care for in your home. River Cooters, Red Eared Sliders, and Painted turtles are all common pet’s found in America. Though turtles are fun to have around they do require special care just like any other pet would. In most cases they make great pets but turtles aren’t the easiest pets to have so depending on your lifestyle you should think about how much time you’re willing to put into a turtle. They are usually cheap to buy yet the equipment for your turtle can get expensive. Along with cost you must find the time to put into this pet. They need nice set ups to live in as well as attention and proper handling. A turtle’s habitat is vital for their health. Depending on the size and type of turtle you need to make sure you have an adequate home for it. If you decide to keep the turtle inside you need a large aquarium, no smaller than 20 gallons and if you have a baby turtle this will allow a little more room for growth so it will last you a bit longer than a smaller aquarium would. Filters are needed for this aquarium so you do not have to clean it out every day. A clean aquarium is very important for the turtle’s health. Water turtles like to bask out of the water in the sun or under an Ultraviolet (UV) light, which provides the same effect as the sun would, so for this you need a place they can climb out and bask. This is also so they can rest from swimming in the water. These basking rocks, or even floating cork for younger turtles, are very important, they have to have a place to bask and get out of the water. Yet if you decide to keep it outside be sure to provide a place to bask, plenty of water, filters, and a covering so other predators can not harm or eat your turtle. Equipment will be different for indoors or outdoors. If you keep your turtle indoors be sure that it can occasionally get fresh air and sun light, but do not keep an aquarium next to a window! Also, make sure your aquarium or pond is clean, this is extremely important to maintain good health for the turtle and provides them with a clean habitat.

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun - Society and Family Essay

Society and Family in A Raisin in the Sun      Ã‚   We can learn a great deal by observing a given moment in history. The politics, fashion, and religion of a given society reveal the inner workings of the individuals that combine to make the society functional. While every society is different and unique, there are universal themes that apply to every society; the need to eat and sleep as well as the concept of "family" exist in all societies. In Lorraine Hansberry's "A Raisin in the Sun," we are witness to the common drama that occurs within a family set in a specific historical period.    Much of the political action that occurred during the time described within this play is specific to the era which it portrays. In Chicago and elsewhere, the economic affliction of minority families was in sharp contrast to the affluence of the middle and upper middle class families. The first black American civil rights activist Harry T. Moore and his wife were killed by a bomb planted under their home on December 25, 1951   (AfroAmerican ). W.E.B. DuBois, a prominent black writ... ...e 12].    Carlisle, David K. 1998. Black Combat Units In Korean War Action. [Online]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available:   http://members.aol.com/warlib/dkc2.htm [2000, June 12].    Hansberry, Lorraine. "A Raisin in the Sun". Beatty, J., Hunter, J. P. (Eds.)(1998) Norton Introduction to Literature (7th Ed.). New York: Norton 1381-1485).       MSN Microsoft Network. Encarta. W.E.B. DuBois. [Online] Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available: http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/2E/02E91000.htm?z=1&pg=2&br=1 [2000, June 11].       Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin In The Sun - Society and Family Essay Society and Family in A Raisin in the Sun      Ã‚   We can learn a great deal by observing a given moment in history. The politics, fashion, and religion of a given society reveal the inner workings of the individuals that combine to make the society functional. While every society is different and unique, there are universal themes that apply to every society; the need to eat and sleep as well as the concept of "family" exist in all societies. In Lorraine Hansberry's "A Raisin in the Sun," we are witness to the common drama that occurs within a family set in a specific historical period.    Much of the political action that occurred during the time described within this play is specific to the era which it portrays. In Chicago and elsewhere, the economic affliction of minority families was in sharp contrast to the affluence of the middle and upper middle class families. The first black American civil rights activist Harry T. Moore and his wife were killed by a bomb planted under their home on December 25, 1951   (AfroAmerican ). W.E.B. DuBois, a prominent black writ... ...e 12].    Carlisle, David K. 1998. Black Combat Units In Korean War Action. [Online]   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available:   http://members.aol.com/warlib/dkc2.htm [2000, June 12].    Hansberry, Lorraine. "A Raisin in the Sun". Beatty, J., Hunter, J. P. (Eds.)(1998) Norton Introduction to Literature (7th Ed.). New York: Norton 1381-1485).       MSN Microsoft Network. Encarta. W.E.B. DuBois. [Online] Available:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Available: http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/2E/02E91000.htm?z=1&pg=2&br=1 [2000, June 11].      

Comparing Sexuality in Alls Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure,

Female Sexuality in All's Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure, and Troilus and Cressida      Ã‚   Although strict chronology is a problematic proposition, most scholars believe that the problem plays - All's Well That Ends Well, Measure for Measure, and Troilus and Cressida - were composed in the period between Hamlet and Othello (Mabillard), a period in which Shakespeare was focusing his energies on his great tragedies.   This fact, some believe, may help to account for the darker mood of these ostensible comedies.   In fact, Boas, the critic who coined the term "problem play," originally included Hamlet in this grouping, since he found a similarity of theme and irresolution between that play and Troilus and Cressida (Thomas 2-3).   Thankfully for modern students, critics have escaped that preconception and recognized Hamlet as a tragedy, plain and simple.    Any generalization of these three plays - even a necessarily broad category like "problem plays" - is inherently . . . well, problematic.   The three plays are very dissimilar in tone, plot, and characterization.   It is possible, however, to identify a few key commonalities between the three plays, and, more generally, in the cycle of work that includes Hamlet and Othello.   The sheer carnality of each of these plays is difficult to ignore.   Taken as a whole, whether or not one accepts the canonical chronology, these plays represent the evolution of a coherent view of female sexuality that contributes not only to the dramatic action of each play, but to a larger underlying thematic concern.   Thus book-ended by two great tragedies, with which they share some common ideology, the problem plays offer an unparalleled opportunity to explore the concept of female sexualit... ...speare Online. 1999-2001.   <http://www.shakespeare-online.com/keydates/playchron.asp>. Neely, Carol Thomas.   "Shakespeare's Women: Historical Facts and Dramatic Representations."   In Holland, Norman N., Sidney Homan, and Bernard J. Paris, eds.   Shakespeare's Personality.   Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. Shakespeare, William.   All's Well That Ends Well.   Bevington 362-403. ---.   Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.   Bevington 1060-1116. ---.   Measure for Measure.   Bevington 404-443. ---.   Othello, the Moor of Venice.   Bevington 1117-1166. ---.   Troilus and Cressida.   Bevington 444-493. Thomas, Vivian.   The Moral Universe of Shakespeare's Problem Plays.   London: Croom Helm, 1987. Wilders, John.   "The Problem Comedies."   In Wells, Stanley, ed.   Shakespeare: Select Bibliographical Guides.   London: Oxford UP, 1973.   

The Great Gatsby: How It Applies to Modern Society

The Great Gatsby: How it Applies to Modern Society The people in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby are very alike the people in our generation today. They’re alike in the way they depict racism, irresponsibility, and corruption. The two generations however; also share people who display integrity and honesty. The two generations show irresponsibility and corruption through many characters like Myrtle, Meyer Wolfshiem and Tom. After Myrtle bought the dog she had taken no care after the dog. She never walked it, didn’t consistently feed it, and the dog was later found lying around by himself.Tom was irresponsible and prejudice towards other races which were different from his own. His Irresponsibility was shown when he was having an affair with Myrtle and not staying faithful to Daisy. Tom’s prejudice was revealed when he said â€Å"nowadays people being by sneering at family life and family institutions and next they’ll throw everything o verboard and have intermarriage between black and white. † In today’s society it seems like it’s every other day where someone is discriminated against because they are thought to be inferior for skin color, religion, etc.Also during the roaring 20’s there was many gangs and mob leaders like the terrorizing Al Capone who were corrupt with power. He was a racketeer who had many wars with other gangs. Today there is also a lot of gang violence going on today between all sorts of different cliques and they all search for the power that Al Capone once had. Even though there are a significant amount of people who are irresponsible and discriminate there are also a large number of people who act with integrity and help others with enormous generosity.Everyone was first afraid of Gatsby because they thought he was a killer but turns out he was a compassionate man. When Nick says â€Å"They’re a rotten crowd, you’re worth the whole damn bunch put to gether† you feel the same towards him because his love for Daisy was very important to him. He takes the blame for Daisy killing Myrtle even though he knows he can be taken away to jail for the rest of his life. There are people still today that will fight for their friends because friendship is vowed to be very important in the life of very human. As you can see the adult’s shown in the Great Gatsby (1920’s) are similar to the adults that live today. Many portray racism and are irresponsible; however they are also many who act with honesty, integrity and compassion. I believe the two generations are similar for the common traits they share. Because there is a century between these two generations many would believe that a lot of change has undergone but in reality not much change has happened. Everything around the people has changed but them as people have not.

Exam Paper for Distribution Managment

Patricia Mae D. Perez Distribution Management 5. Major concepts related with supply chain A supply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials into intermediate and finished products, and the distribution of these finished products to customers. Supply chains exist in both service and manufacturing organizations, although the difficulty of the chain may vary greatly from industry to industry and firm to firm. It is a dynamic system that evolves over time. Indeed, not only do customer demand and supplier capabilities change over time, but supply chain relationships also evolve overtime. For example, as the customer’s power increases, there is increased pressure placed on manufacturers and suppliers to produce an enormous variety of high- quality products and to produced customized products. Characteristic of supply chain management There are numbers of characteristics of supply chain. The most important is that the firms understand that their future depends to al arge level on the success of channel and they involved themselves as part of the channel. Relationships are viewed as long term, and the corporate cultures, philosophies, and missions are similar. There is joint planning of products, locations, and quantities of inventory to be kept in the system. Great deal information sharing between firms in order to coordinate the efficient flow of goods. The modern computing and communication technology, such as electronic data interchange, is used to rapidly provide information within the channel as needed. Cost advantages are exploited wherever possible. Other characteristics are: Competing goals and objectives Cost reduction and on time delivery of goods Dynamic operating conditions Emphasis on responsiveness to design changes Process of supply chain management The planning process needs to account for demand and cost parameters varying over time due to the impact of seasonal fluctuations, trends, advertising and promotions, competitor’s pricing and strategies. The process is made up of the flow of materials, flow of information and services and monitoring the control of this flow, that includes raw materials procurement, production, inventory management, processing of orders, warehousing, transportation and distribution. Sources: http://www. se. ufl. edu/Supplychain/done/Day2/Deshmukh/sld002. htm http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/encyclopedia/Str-The/Supply-Chain-Management. html http://lcm. csa. iisc. ernet. in/scm/supply_chain_intro. html 8. Key concepts related to customer service and performance measurements in the SCM function Four methods of developing customer strategy Stay in touch Show your customers how you valu e your business through keeping in touch with them by sending them updates about your company. Use newsletters, individual letters or emails to deliver new things and products and promotions of the company. You can also send a thank you note if a customer made a major purchase and ask them for some feedbacks and suggestions. With all of this information you gathered from your customer, you can come up with solutions to the problems and meet their needs. Empower your staff There are some cases where there is no policy and the policy need to be flexed. To do this you have to empower certain people to make decisions, bend the rules and use wise judgments. Have them documented these special cases by providing a pad paper of forms and let them input some information to the computer. You can also designate one person per shift as chief problem-solver. Manage customer relationships Once you have gathered information about your customer, you can identify them and give them rewards. You can offer the frequent customers discounts for their next purchase and make a follow up call to those customers who need repair work. Use the information gathered about the customer to make customer service a science. If you give them quality service and you satisfy them, they will continue going back to you. Make great service a priority For you to serve your customers excellently, you have to train your staff. Because they are the one who faces and interact your customers not you. So train them very well. Always put in mind that customers must always comes first. Start with small things like greeting them politely and staff must courteously greet anyone who enters the shop. Relationship between customer service and inventory investment Improving the inventory is critical to customer service. despite of whether your company deals b2b or b2C, insufficient inventory management process will affect customer service and customer satisfaction levels. A successful inventory management anticipates analyses, plans for, and delivers inventory standards which do not mix into customer service disaster. Not only focus on the correct inventory supply levels, but also the factors in the expertise of the personell who deal with inventory process. The relationship with the suppliers and distributors, as well as those who perform the maintenance functions, and the communication processes used to express the current and prospective requirements between both the suppliers, distributors and end users. Sources: http://marketing. about. com/od/relationshipmarketing/a/crmtopten. tm http://ezinearticles. com/? Improved-Inventory-Management-Processes—Critical-to-Customer-Service-Excellence&id=4148576 11. Impact of inventory management on operations Major operational benefits of lean manufacturing systems Lean manufacturing concepts were developed over the last five to six decades, primarily in Japan, particularly for the Toyota production sys tem. These concepts met various tests for many many years and passed the test of time very easily. It is defined as an approach to help reduce waste and eliminate waste in the assemble line at the time of manufacturing the products. By doing it right, it helps in reducing the cost and continuous improvement. It eliminates waste by means of identifying non-value added activities which leads to poor product quality in the production process that will not be able to meet the customer’s expectations in the market place Benefits of Lean Manufacturing are: Improvement in the delivery performance Less/ reduced lead times Increased in sales revenue Less operating costs and increased profits Improved customer satisfaction and supplier relations Reduction in inventory An increased in the employee moral and retention Better quality Reduced warehouse space Creation of additional working capital for new projects Improvement in supplier relationship In lean manufacturing, the customers can be able to get what they want. With this, they get satisfied and it brings benefits for the employees as they are the very important in the manufacturing line. The system focuses on the improvement of the manufacturing line of the organizations. The companies have been able to eliminate and reduce the redundant and looping processes from the organizations. It has made things very easy for the organizations. The tools used in the lean manufacturing can help the organization to find out different problems in the production. Organizational and process considerations involved in implementing lean systems There are other implementing lean manufacturing tools that an organization can use to get the improvements they want. There is the Value Streaming and Process Mapping. These two can effectively eliminate waste and in implementing lean manufacturing, they can streamline work processes. Value streaming is use to identify opportunities while process mapping use to identify specific waste and improvements. Considerations: Strategic Flexibility unexpected problems arise to change any plan. Unforeseen opportunities also arise. This is where stragegits excel. The only sure thing is change. Tasks in the future are lesslikely to change than months away. The long term plan sets direction and budgets. The short term tracks specific tasls and accomplishments. Concentration â€Å"concentrate the maximum force in the smallest area† Beachhead Stragtegies focuses on small area or a product. All the essentials elements for a self reinforcing, sustainable system are deployed locally. This can happen quickly. The small area become the beachhead of lean manufacturing The Kaizen Blitz is a focused implementation that suits a beachhead strategy. It has a strong appeal. It is fast, dramatic and effective. Source: http://www. strategosinc. com/mpping0. htm http://www. articlesbase. com/software-articles/10-benefits-of-lean-manufacturing-2475092. html http://www. altiusdirectory. com/Business/lean-manufacturing. html http://manufacturelean. com/lean-manufacturing-system/ http://www. leanmanufacturingsecrets. com/blog/2008/03/28/implementing-lean-manufacturing/ ttp://www. strategosinc. com/lean_implementation3. htm 7. Role of SCM and Logistics in the economy and the organization Total Quality Management is an approach that seeks to improve quality and performance which will meet or exceed customer expectations. This can be achieved by integrating all quality-related functions and processes throughout the company. It looks at the overall quality measures used by a company including managing quality design and development, quality control and maintenance, quality improvement, and quality assurance. It takes into account all quality measures taken at all levels and involving all company employees. For this to work, everyone in the organization has to get involved. This theory is to work towards using the best processes to offer the best possible products and to produce best customer satisfaction. Supply Chain Management in the management of distribution across organizations. All the members of the channel, from suppliers to end users, coordinate their business activities and process to minimize their total costs and maximize their effectiveness in the market. The goal is to achieve the coordination and continuity of a vertically integrated channel without centralized ownership of the entires comprising the channel. The firms form along term partenrshipin order to improve service to the ned consumer, reduce channel costs, and create competitive advantage. It has also developed other terms like Just In Time supply chain management. That is to say that a company tries to stock nothing ahead of time and its suppliers will provide what is needed just in time for production or shipping. There are a lot of variables for a good supply chain management like the trustworthiness of suppliers, reliability of shippers, and planning contingencies for worse case scenarios. Still, business are still trying to figure how much they need to inventory and how much can be ordered as needed. There are some key characteristics of SCM. The most important of all is that the firms involved see themselves as part of the channel and understand that their future depends to large extent on the success of the whole channel. The relationships are viewed as long term, and the corporate cultures, philosophies, and missions are similar. Just in time is a philosophy of manufacturing based on planned elimination of all waste and on continuous improvement of productivity. It also has been described as an approach with the objective of producing the right part in the right place at the right time. Waste results from any activity that adds cost without adding value, such as the unnecessary moving of materials, the accumulation of excess inventory, or the use of faulty production methods that create products requiring subsequent rework. JIT should improve profits and return on investment by reducing inventory levels, reducing variability, improving product quality, reducing production and delivery lead times, and reducing other costs. In a JIT system, underutilized (excess) capacity is used instead of buffer inventories to hedge against problems that may arise. JIT applies primarily to repetitive manufacturing processes in which the same products and components are produced over and over again. The general idea is to establish flow processes by linking work centers so that there is an even, balanced flow of materials throughout the entire production process, similar to that found in an assembly line. To accomplish this, an attempt is made to reach the goals of driving all inventory buffers toward zero and achieving the ideal lot size of one unit. Sources: http://logistics. about. com/od/qualityinthesupplychain/a/TQM. htm http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/encyclopedia/Str-The/Supply-Chain-Management. html http://www. thinkingmanagers. com/business-management/total-quality-management. hp http://personal. ashland. edu/~rjacobs/m503jit. html http://hubpages. com/hub/supply-chain-management-definition http://personal. ashland. edu/~rjacobs/m503jit. html 2. Organizational issues related to purchasing Purchasing is wherein all significant purchases are monitored for the right authorization of the right item, at the right price, quality and quantity, from the right supplier and terms. Objectives of purchasing 1. Procure the necessary quality and quantity of goods or services in an efficient, timely and cost effective manner, while maintaining the controls necessary for a corporation. . Encourage an open competitive bidding process practicable for the acquisition of goods and services and equitable treatment of all vendors. 3. Ensure the maximum value of an acquisition is obtained by determining the total cost of performing the intended function over the lifetime of the task. This may include, but not be limited to, acquisition cost, installation, disposal value and cot, training cost, maintenance cost, quality of performance and environmental impact. 4. Procure goods and services with due regard to the preservation of the atural environment and to encourage the use of environmentally friendly products and services. Material management Materials management is part of logistics and refers to the location and movement of the physical items or products. There are three main processes associated with materials management: spare parts, quality control, and inventory management. Materials management is important in large manufacturing and distribution environments, where there are multiple parts, locations, and significant money invested in these items. The first process in materials management is related to spare parts. A detailed business process is required to determine the order point for the spare parts, identify the ideal quantity to order, process receipt of the parts, and then make sure they are in the correct place. Spare parts are integral to the continuing operation of production lines and related equipment. Poor management of this process can cause downtime and loss of production. Quality control is a large part of materials management. The creation of material standards, inspections, and returns process is a primary responsibility of the materials management group. All parts and materials must be tested to ensure that a specific level of quality is met. This is typically completed before a purchase order is issued to a supplier, to ensure that the supplier has met the conditions of their contract. It is used to ensure that the company delivers quality products to their customers, and to minimize waste in the production Sources: http://www. wdo. ca/files/domain4116/Final%20WDO%20Purchasing%20Policy%20for%20posting. pdf http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/purchasing. html http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-materials-management. htm

Inventory Introduction Essay

An Undergraduate Thesis Manuscript submitted to the faculty of the Department of Communication Studies of Cavite City Campus, Cavite State University, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for ITEC200A- Undergraduate Thesis Part 1 for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology. Contribution no.___ Prepared under supervision of Mr. Norman Duarte. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, there are major changes that happened in our everyday lives. Since most of the changes are caused by the advances in technology, it is necessary for us, people to be familiar with the technological developments encountered today. Changes are inevitable and one should be able to go with the flow to stay in the business. Technology made a large contribution in the improvement of our life. Many businesses are engaging with the use of advance technology in order to become competitive. Through the use of modern technology, the work of an individual becomes easier and more accurate. The business world is fast changing that is imperative to stay ahead of the competition and empower your people with the tools and advancement that is available. The proponents noticed that the company named Homemart Builder’s Center Inc. is using the manual way for inventory of their items. Inventory system is one of the hardest and most important task in business or school transactions. Everything should be clearly and correctly stated based on the record of the company. This company which is located at Talaba IV Bacoor, Cavite started since the year of 1995. It takes time for them to search some files for the sales report because they have to do it manually. They find it hard also to retrieve those files stored in their file cabinets which they might lost because of certain chaos. See more: how to write an introduction paragraph for an essay Statement of the Problem This study seeks to create a system that would be used by businesses with regards to faster inventory transactions. This study tried to answer the following questions: 1. How to make an inventory transaction faster and more sufficient? 2. How they monitor the business performance? 3. How to make inventory of items much easier through the use of computerized inventory system? The system would help the staff of the company in terms of inventorying for much faster and efficient. It would be both beneficial to the owner especially for the buyer. To the owner, there will be a quick flow of business transactions. Significance of the Study The owners could easily check the increasing and decreasing items. The performance of the Company can also monitor through its sales report anytime needed. In addition, the program would help the owner with regards to their inventory since the monitoring stocks would be easier. Objectives of the Study Generally, the study aims to develop a system for Homemart Builder’s Center Inc. Specifically it aims to: 1. Create a Computerized Inventory System for the owner and employees of the company; 2. Make it easy monitoring the transaction and information of items. 3. Aimed to develop a Computerized Inventory System to increase a speed of service in terms of inventorying the items. 4. Monitor the performance of the company and also help the owner of the company on inventory of items in an easy and fastest way. Scope and Limitation The system was created only for the business of Homemart Builder’s Center Inc. The items will be inputted to the program through Item number. Price and quantity should also be inputted manually .It can update, delete and search information about the items. Have security featured specially to the owner’s file. The program will not include for other company’s use. The software can’t work without computer and electricity. It may not be applicable on items that do not have an Item Number or code. On the other hand, the items that do not have code will be manually inputted. Time and Place of the Study The study was conducted at Cavite State University Cavite City Campus from November 2012 to March 2013. Definition of Terms Inventory – It is the amount or value of a firm’s current assets that consist of raw materials, work in progress and finished goods; stock. System – a group or combination of interrelated, interdependent, or interacting elements forming collective entity; a methodical or coordinated assemblage of parts, facts, concept etc. Human Resource – the workface of an organization. Database – a systematized collection of data that can be accessed immediately and manipulated by a data- processing system for a specific purpose. Hardware – It is a business that has metal tools, implements etc.esp cutlery or cooking utensils.

Qantas Airlines Market Segmentation

The purpose of the task is to develop an understanding of market segmentation and explain how it can assist organizations in the allocation of their resources more effectively and efficiently. The marketing segmentation process is a strategy adopted by organizations with an aim of preparing the organizations sales and marketing for the target clients (Steenkamp & Ter Hofstede, 2002). The target clients are the clients who are known to traditionally consume the products or services of the particular organization. The discussion below focuses on Qantas Airlines and discuses the advantages the organization has gained from the strategy as well as associated benefits. Further the discussion aims at analyzing how the organization has been able to maximize profits as a result of the market segmentation strategy. Lastly the discussion shall in a general perspective focus on the applicability and suitability of the strategy as well as the challenges involved. Definition of consumer needs at Qantas Airlines. The airline has in an effort of market segmentation, categorized the needs for its customers into 3 distinct levels based on the perceived needs of the particular customers in the respective departments. To this end the airline has come up with the following categories or levels. Business. Qantas Airlines has come up with a strategy of dealing with hotels which meet the standards of their customers. As a policy the airline only boos its passengers to certain hotels only where the company enjoys some interests and discounts as a laid out in a memorandum of understanding. Secondly the Airline has reorganized its operations in line with the policies and procedures which the top board meets and reviews yearly. An example was the recent improved communication system which was aimed at improving communication with flight crew any were in the world. As a sales strategy it can be said to have resulted into improved profits due to high customer turn out as well as the elimination of slug- in time which would result from poor communication earlier (McKenna, 1988p. 275-80). Qantas Airlines has also utilized its marketing strategy to mange its inventories which are in different locations al over the world, by the use of IT the farm has been able to overcome challenges related to the task of inventory and has come out successfully to minimize loss and wastage of company assets. Consumer needs. The company has taken into consideration in the process of its product design the fact that there exists a class of consumers for its services who won’t just use a flight for the sake of it. They have to be treated and made to feel special and comfortable. To this end the company had come up with first class a prestigious class who are basically consumers whose major concern is not the much they are charged for the flight but the comfort that comes with it. This satisfies the company’s clients emotionally and therefore leaves a permanent or at least long last memory on the customers mind that is hard to erode and it makes the company to have what is termed as regular customers who no matter what, they value and like the services of Qantas Airlines. Functional needs. Functionally the market segment is likely to utilize the services and even propose the same to new customers who would trust the word of mouth from accomplice than the usually costly and expensive advertisements. This is an effective marketing strategy (Steenkamp & Hofstede, 2002p. 101-120). Considering that different people require different purpose s to meet their demands and needs, Qantas Airlines has invested in flat beds for the flights especially long distance ones by investing in new fleet of Boeings which are ideal for long distances since passengers are likely to get sleep during the flight. Segmentation needs for Qantas Airlines Since Qantas Airlines has already been in the market for over a decade and therefore can be termed as market leaders in the flight industry, they have concentrated in a process of reducing expenses, the company carried out a retrenchment of its employees aimed at reducing the number of employees deemed not very core to the organizations needs and therefore not key staff. The other key cause of market segmentation for the airliner is the need for a consistent and more cash flow (Day, 1980p. 345). Before it undertook the market segmentation exercise, Qantas was facing liquidity problems and for several years that, registered minimal profits. The need for a more efficient service delivery caused the company to seriously consider segmenting the market hence the reason for aiming at market segmentation. The airliner has segmented the market further into: The different seasons as determined by different times. Accessibility of the different customers has also influenced how the market is segmented to favor customers who are easily reachable and those who are hard to reach such as those who live in areas where the airliner does not have offices and at the same time can not book for services online. As a marketing strategy, Qantas Airways has scheduled direct flights to vacation and holidays all over in the world. Market segmentation, for Qantas Airlines has involved dividing the market into the following segments: Key strategies in the marketing campaign includes categorizing such into how similar they are, similar in needs, expectations and are likely to respond similarly to the market segmentations in place (McKenna, 1988p. 57-89). For instance, when Qantas hiked fares for the prestige class and minimized fares for the business class, it was easy for the market to react; this led to improved sales and more bookings. The company has come up with niche markets, such as Africa, Asia and Far East. This led to Qantas Airways to categorize the market into business and private, segments which then fitted the needs of specific customers such as those who take business trips. Advantages. By providing for the segmentation the company customers, the company has achieved efficiency. Efficiency has been achieved in the way the company tapped opportunities in the leisure and summer holiday takers. This led to the introduction of special fare rights as well as introduction of chartered flights aimed at taking the customers to their destinations. The markets were to be exploited exhaustively and the only way of doing it was through the segmentation of the market. By deducing customers needs’ the company was also aiming at maximizing its profits. This significantly improved the markets and led to the improvement of flight bookings. On the other hand the company improved the introduction of cargo flight aimed at tacking the growing demand for air lifting of cargo. To the advantage of the company the segmentation led to the company achieving a marketing edge and becoming one of the most competitive airlines’ both in terms of activity and customer preference. Therefore the company was able to effectively look into the market and attain maximum profits. Another key thing is that, the company was able to maximize on the needs of the company while at the same time satisfying the needs of the customer. The key advantages of the organizations segmentation process. †¢ All target markets by Qantas are accessible. †¢ All the segments by the organization have been curved out to ensure that they are large enough to offer big enough customer subscription. †¢ The reduction of flights to and from the New York route was aimed at concentrating the flight to other markets with loyal clientele. †¢ The reduction of lights which was also seen as rationalization plan affected the Manila, Rome, Bangkok, Taipei, Johannesburg, India, was an direct result of the market segmentation and it has proved worthy while. Qantas market Segmentation was largely necessitated by the collapse of Ansett a major competitor in the Australian domestic flight market. In terms of inventory the segmentation has led to the disposal of 2 B747SP aircraft in 2002 which for the company translated to minimization of cost of repairs. The introduction of an all economy-class aircraft targeted the segment of domestic market as well as off season flights which happen when not so many people are traveling. A segment consisting of flights from Sydney to Melbourne to Sydney to Brisbane and back was introduced since that was deemed ideal for business travel. City Flyer was also introduced to serve the domestic market which is flourishing and its operational costs very low. Market segmentation is a winning strategy as is evident with Qantas, there is a need for other business to borrow from the Qantas example and therefore cash in the strategy which although it involves drastic measures is nevertheless key to organizational marketing and sales strategic plans.